【植物性激素是否乳腺癌原兇？】 之前提及雌激素可細分為動物性及植物性。到底植物性雌激素會否有別於動物性？進食後真的會提升癌症風險嗎？
植物性激素顧名思義是天然的「植物性」荷爾蒙。有別於動物性激素，植物性激素不含膽固醇，而且還蘊含大量的植物營養素和抗氧化劑。加上其化學結構與與哺乳動物雌激素結構相似，容易被人體吸收，因此對女性荷爾蒙分泌具有雙向調節作用。
植物中常見的來源為異黃酮類、木酚素類以及香豆素。以黃豆及黃豆製品為例，當中的異黃酮類尤其豐富。當人體內的雌激素不足，異黃酮與人體雌激素受體結合，促進女性荷爾蒙分泌；假若人體內雌激素水平過高，異黃酮減慢人體內雌激素受體結合，有效控制人體荷爾蒙分泌。此外，由於異黃酮的結合力比人體雌激活性較弱，刺激性較低，所以能溫和的發揮作用。
營養師提提您：適量攝取黃豆製品不會導致乳腺癌，反而能有效控制內分沁系統（Chen M, et al, 2018）。
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【Do phytoestrogens increase the risk of breast cancer?】As mentioned before, estrogen can be derived from either animals or plants. Are there any differences among them? How does it affect the cancer level?
Phytoestrogens, though plant-based, function much like estrogen in humans. Unlike animal-based estrogen, it is cholesterol-free, rich in micronutrients & antioxidants. Since phytoestrogens have a similar structure as estrogen in humans, it can be absorbed easily by our body and poses both estrogenic and antiestrogenic effects.
The most common sources are isoflavones, lignans and coumarins. Take soybeans which are high in isoflavones as an example, they could serve as a type of natural hormone replacement by binding to estrogen receptors in the human body. This boosts hormone production at low estrogen levels. In contrast, isoflavones compete with ligands, which inhibit hormone production by estrogen receptors at high estrogen levels.In general, the binding ability and activity of phytoestrogens is weaker than human’s ligands. Therefore, they can express their effects mildly.
Friendly reminder: There is no direct linkage between soybean products & breast cancer, instead they can regulate our body endocrine system.（Chen M, et al, 2018）
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